Hindi Naming and Action Words: Class 3 Study Guide
Words do different jobs in a sentence. Knowing them helps you make correct Hindi sentences.
A Hindi sentence usually follows the order subject, object, verb. For example, 'राम फल खाता है' means 'Ram eats fruit'. The verb is at the end.
Four kinds of words matter most: संज्ञा (noun), सर्वनाम (pronoun), विशेषण (adjective) and क्रिया (verb).
Kinds of words
| Word type | Hindi name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Noun (name of a person, place or thing) | संज्ञा | लड़का, दिल्ली, किताब |
| Pronoun (used in place of a noun) | सर्वनाम | मैं, तुम, वह, हम |
| Adjective (describes a noun) | विशेषण | बड़ा, लाल, मीठा |
| Verb (shows action) | क्रिया | खाना, पढ़ना, खेलना |
Number and gender
Hindi nouns are either masculine or feminine. For example, लड़का (boy) is masculine and लड़की (girl) is feminine. The plural often changes the ending: लड़का becomes लड़के, and किताब becomes किताबें. The verb and the adjective change to match the noun: 'अच्छा लड़का' (good boy) and 'अच्छी लड़की' (good girl).
Worked example
In 'छोटी लड़की मीठा फल खाती है', छोटी and मीठा are adjectives, लड़की and फल are nouns and खाती है is the verb. Replace लड़की with वह and the sentence reads 'वह मीठा फल खाती है'.
Common mistakes
Using a masculine verb with a feminine noun is the most common slip. Another is putting the verb in the middle of the sentence, as in English. A Hindi speaker can help you check.
Check your understanding: model answers
1. पढ़ता है. 2. लड़की. 3. किताबें.
✨ Key Takeaways
- A noun names; a pronoun replaces a noun.
- An adjective describes; a verb shows action.
- The verb comes at the end.
- Gender and number affect other words.
💬 Questions for Discussion & Reflection
- Which word is the verb in राम पढ़ता है?
- What is the feminine of लड़का?
- What is the plural of किताब?