Our Environment, Saving Resources and the Map of India: Class 4 Study Guide
The environment is everything around us. Caring for it, and knowing our country, are both important.
Our environment includes air, water, soil, plants, animals and people. Pollution harms the environment: air pollution from vehicles and factories, water pollution from waste and sewage, soil pollution from plastic and chemicals, and noise pollution from loud sounds. These harm health and wildlife.
We can protect the environment with the three Rs: Reduce what we use, Reuse things again and Recycle materials into new products. Planting trees, saving water and electricity and using cloth bags instead of plastic also help.
Kinds of pollution and what helps
| Pollution | Cause | What helps |
|---|---|---|
| Air | Smoke from vehicles and burning | Walk, cycle, use public transport; plant trees |
| Water | Waste thrown in rivers | Dispose of waste properly; do not litter |
| Soil | Plastic and chemicals | Reduce plastic; compost kitchen waste |
| Noise | Loud horns and speakers | Keep volume low; do not honk unnecessarily |
The map of India
India is in Asia and has 28 states and 8 Union Territories. The capital is New Delhi. The Himalayas are in the north, the Thar Desert is in the west, the Deccan Plateau is in the south, and the Indian Ocean surrounds the southern tip. Important rivers include the Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Godavari and Krishna. The Arabian Sea is on the west and the Bay of Bengal is on the east.
On a world map.
Use the map key.
Look at the star symbol.
Follow the Ganga from the Himalayas to the sea.
Good citizens
We show love for our country by keeping our surroundings clean, saving resources, respecting the flag, the anthem and people of all backgrounds, following rules and helping others. Small actions like switching off lights and not wasting food add up.
Worked examples and common mistakes
Example: Which is an example of reuse? Using an old jar to store pencils. Example: In which direction is the Himalayas from central India? North. Common mistakes: confusing the capital of a state with the national capital, and thinking that recycling means 'throw away'. Recycling turns used materials into new products. Always check the key and compass on a map.
Check your understanding: model answers
1. Example: Air pollution (walk or cycle), water pollution (do not throw waste in rivers). 2. For example, the Ganga and the Godavari. 3. Example: Using the back of used paper for rough work.
✨ Key Takeaways
- Pollution harms air, water, soil and people.
- Reduce, reuse and recycle.
- India has 28 states, 8 Union Territories and the capital is New Delhi.
- Use the key and compass on a map.
💬 Questions for Discussion & Reflection
- Name two kinds of pollution and one way to reduce each.
- Name two rivers of India.
- Give an example of reuse.
Print graph paper for map drawing →